What does the software development lifecycle (SDLC) primarily encompass?

The software development lifecycle (SDLC) encompasses a structured process that includes various phases necessary for developing and maintaining software. It acts as a framework that guides teams through stages such as requirements gathering, system design, implementation (coding), testing, deployment, and maintenance. Each of these phases contributes to the successful completion and operation of software products, ensuring that they meet user needs while adhering to quality standards.

The choice that describes the SDLC as a structured process of development and maintenance captures the essence of what the SDLC represents. It illustrates that software creation is not just about writing code but involves a comprehensive approach that starts from understanding project requirements and continues through to the software's ongoing support.

The other options focus too narrowly on specific aspects of software development. For instance, stating that it involves programming and deployment only overlooks critical phases such as analysis and testing, which are crucial for software quality and user satisfaction. Similarly, addressing only analysis and testing excludes the vital design and implementation stages that are necessary for producing functional software. Finally, mentioning only the design phase disregards the full scope of the lifecycle, which includes multiple important stages that contribute to successful software delivery and maintenance.