What is a syntax error?

A syntax error occurs when the code violates the grammatical rules of the programming language, preventing the program from compiling or running. This type of error is identified by the compiler or interpreter before the code is executed. Examples include missing punctuation, misspelled keywords, or improperly structured statements. When a syntax error exists, the code typically produces an error message that indicates where the violation occurred, aiding the programmer in debugging.

The other options describe different types of errors that can occur during programming. Logical flaws pertain to the program's logic and behavior, causing unintended results during execution rather than preventing compilation. Incorrect indentation is a specific type of syntax error associated mainly with languages that are sensitive to whitespace (like Python), but not all syntax errors are related to indentation. Errors occurring during execution are called runtime errors, which emerge when the program is running rather than during the compilation phase. The focus on compilation prevention reinforces why recognizing syntax errors is crucial for successful program development.