What is 'data binding' in programming?

Data binding in programming is a technique that connects user interface (UI) elements to data sources, facilitating a seamless flow of information between the two. This connection allows for automatic updates of the UI whenever the underlying data changes and vice versa. For instance, if a data model containing user information is updated, the corresponding UI elements can reflect these changes without requiring additional code to manage the updates.

This is particularly useful in frameworks that support model-view-controller (MVC) design patterns, where maintaining synchronization between the view (UI) and the model (data) is essential for creating responsive, interactive applications. Data binding enhances the efficiency of application development by reducing the amount of boilerplate code needed to manually update UI elements.

The other options describe different programming concepts but do not accurately capture the essence of data binding. For example, executing a series of commands refers to procedural programming, ensuring data security involves implementing algorithms and practices to protect data, and focusing on aesthetics relates to design principles rather than the functional connection between data and UI components.