What is the function of a conditional statement in programming?

The function of a conditional statement in programming is to allow a program to execute different actions based on whether a specified condition evaluates to true or false. This key function helps control the flow of the program, enabling it to respond dynamically to varying inputs or states.

For instance, in a programming scenario where a user’s input is evaluated, a conditional statement can direct the program to perform one action if the input meets certain criteria (true) and another action if it does not (false). This versatility is fundamental in decision-making processes within the code, making conditional statements crucial for creating responsive and logical applications.

The other options misrepresent the role of conditional statements. While option A suggests that a conditional statement executes code unconditionally, this contradicts the very essence of what a conditional statement is designed to do. Option C addresses variable formatting but is not related to conditional statements directly. Option D defines a looping structure, which is a different programming construct altogether, focusing on repetition rather than conditional execution.