What is the primary focus of procedural programming?

The primary focus of procedural programming is on creating and using procedures or functions. This programming paradigm is designed around the concept of calling procedures to act on data. Procedures, often referred to as functions or subroutines, encapsulate a sequence of instructions that can be executed whenever needed, promoting code reuse and modularity.

In procedural programming, the logic of the program is expressed in terms of procedure calls, where the main goal is to design a set of procedures that operate on data. This approach allows developers to break down complex problems into smaller, manageable tasks, each implemented as a procedure. The emphasis is on the sequence of actions performed by these procedures and how data flows through them during execution.

The other options presented do not align with the core principles of procedural programming. While data storage and retrieval might be relevant in all programming paradigms, it is not a defining characteristic of procedural programming specifically. Organizing code into objects pertains to object-oriented programming, which differs fundamentally in its approach by focusing on objects that encapsulate both data and methods. Dynamic typing of variables relates to how programming languages handle variable types at runtime, but it does not capture the essence of procedural programming, which is primarily concerned with function usage and structuring code logically around procedural calls.